In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful

Important lessons for New Muslims


In the name of Allah , the most beneficent,  the most merciful
Important lessons
to learning for New Muslims
Prepared by:
Abdus Saboor Nadvi

معنى الإسلام
Meaning of Islam:
 Islam is a religion and a way of life. It means submission, devotion, and obedience to God, the Lord of the heavens and the earth. Therefore, obedience to God, the Lord of the heavens and the earth. Therefore,
a Muslim is someone who submits himself to God. That is the reason a Muslim is someone who submits himself to God.
أركان الإسلام
Pillars of Islam:  
In Islam  there are five basic duties which Muslims must perform.
1- SHAHADA (The First Pillar of Islam)
“La llaha illal-lah Muhammad -ur-rasulullah“
“There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah“
2- SALAH (The Second Pillar of Islam)
The second pillar of Islam is performing Salah (prayer). The Muslim is enjoined to perform five obligatory prayers every day to keep himself in relation with his Lord, to invoke and implore Him, and to refrain himself from committing lewdness or indecency. These prayers not only ensure psychological rest to the Muslim in this present life, but they also pave the way to him to gain eternal happiness in the hereafter.

3- ZAKAAT (The Third Pillar of Islam)
ALLAH ordained every Muslim who possesses a certain amount a certain amount of property to pay annually of these possessions the Zakah to the poor, or to the other categories mentioned in the Quran.

4- SAWM RAMADHAN (The Fourth Pillar of Islam)
The fourth pillar of Islam is to fast during the month of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Hijri calendar.
Before the dawn of the first day of Ramadan, the Muslim in-tends to fast this month, and abstains every day from drinking, eating, or practicing sex till after the sun sets, He performs the fasting till the end of the month of Ramadan, fulfilling by that the commandment of Allah, and seeking His pleasure.

5- Hajj (The Fifth Pillar of Islam)
Pilgrimage (Hajj) is the fifth pillar of Islam. It is a duty for a Muslim to perform pilgrimage to the House of Allah once in lifetime, however it is permissible to him to do pilgrimage voluntarily more than once.
أركان الإيمان
Pillars Of Eiman(Faith):
 Eiman has six pillars. To deny any one of the pillars, in part, or in whole, is the same as denying everything–it takes you out of Islam, and may Allah protect us all from that.
The pillars are:
1.    Allah: Believe that Allah, Lord of the Worlds, exists, and believe in hisasmaa wal sifa.
2.    Books: Believe in all the divine revelation, including the Torah, theInjeel, and the Qur’an. They are really the same book (but now, the original Torah and Injeel no longer exist).
3.    AngelsBelieve in the angels.
4.    Prophets: Believe in all the Prophets, from Adam (alayhi salaam), the first man and first prophet of Allah, to Muhammad (صلي الله عليه وسلم), the seal of prophets, and everything in-between.
5.    Qadr: Believe in qadr (fate/predestination/free will)
6.    Day of Judgement: Believe in the Day of Judgement, and more generally, in the akhira.

Each of these pillars has more depth to them, but this is the general meaning. And I repeat: to deny any pillar (or any part of any pillar) is to leave Islam.
معنى الشهادتين
Meaning of  The Two Witness (Shahadatain):
 The Conditions of La ilaha illAllah

La ilaha illAllah has seven conditions. The testification does not benefit those, who (merely) utter the testification, unless he fulfils all seven conditions;

1. Knowledge that negates ignorance
2. Certainty that negates doubt 
3. Acceptance that negates rejection
4. Submission that negates abandonment 
5. Sincerity that negates Shirk (associating partners with Allah) 
6. Truthfulness that negates Falsehood (meaning hypocrisy) 
7. Love that negates its opposite, which is hatred
The Conditions of, 'Muhammadar-Rasoolullah'
1. Affirming his (sallalalhu alaihi wa-sallam) Prophet-hood and having faith in it inwardly within the heart. 
2. Verbally declaring it and affirming it outwardly through the tongue.
3. Following him by acting upon the truth he came with, and refraining from the evil that he has forbidden. 
4. Believing in what he has informed about - from the unseen of the past and the future. 
5. Loving him more than oneself, wealth, children, parents and the whole of humanity. 
6. Giving precedence to his saying over everybody, and acting upon his Sunnah. 
معنى الشرك والكفر
Meaning of Shirk and Kufr:
Kufr’ means ‘to deny’ and ‘Shirk’ means ‘to associate.’ But in Islamic Shari'ah these two terms have special meanings. ‘Kufr’ means denial of the existence of God, and ‘Shirk’ means to associate partners with the All Powerful Allah. And so, a Kafir is one who denies the existence of God Who is not only Almighty and Omnipotent, but the Creator and the only Sustainer of this entire Cosmos. Similarly, a Mushrik is one who, although, believes in the existence of God,[If you ask them who created the heavens and the earth, they will surely say Allah. (31:25)]
آداب الخلاء
Etiquettes of going to Toilet:
First u read this dua when you want to go to toilet:
'Bismillah' 'Allah-Hum-ma Inni A'oodhu-bika Minal Khu-buthi Wal-kha-baith'
'O Allah I seek your protection from the male and female devils.'

1. Enter with the left foot. 

2.It is forbidden  to face or have the back facing towards the Qibla whilst relieving oneself. 
3. It is best to lower oneself as much as possible before uncovering the body. 
4.Put slight pressure on the left leg it makes it relieving easier. 
5. One should be very careful about the splashing of urine (as this is a grave sin). One should sit to urinate. 
6. One should not talk in the toilet without absolute necessity but if a person outside is calling and does not know then cough thrice to make them aware. This includes the use of a mobile phone be it for texting as this is not the place to do such things.

7. Hold the container in the right hand whilst cleansing with the left. 
8. The right hand should not be used to cleanse oneself. Unless there is a problem with the left hand then one can use the right hand. 
9. The sister should cleanse themselves with the lower palm of the left hand and do not separate the legs to wide. 
10.Wash in odd numbers i.e. 1, 3, 5 or 7 times

 11.After you have relieved yourself, wash your hands up to the wrists thrice. 

12. When leaving the toilet one should step out with the right foot.
13.Supplication on Leaving
Once outside the toilet read this supplication :
'Ghuf-raa-naka Al-ham-du-Lil-la-hil-ladhi Adh-haba 'An-nil Azaa Wa-'Aa-faani'
'O Allah I seek Your pardon. All praises are due to Allah who has taken away from me discomfort and granted me relief.'
كيف تتوضأ
How to make Ablution (Wuzu) :
1.     Declare the intention for Wudhu in your heart
2.    Say Bismillah  (In the Name of Allah).
3.Wash the right hand up to and including the wrists.  Make sure to  while rub and  rub  between the  fingers of the hand. And thus make sure no part of the hand is left dry.  Three  times
Then do the same with the left hand. (also three times)
4. Make a cup with the right hand then from this hand take water into your mouth and swirl it inside the mouth and then expel out of mouth. then sniff remaining water from the cupped right hand and sniff water into the nose and then blow the water out and using the  left hand  remove the water from your nose. Do this three times 
Some people rinse the mouth first three times and then rinse the nose three times
However the first method is the most authentic.
5. Wash the face three times, from the hairline to the jawbone and chin, and from start of the ear to start of the ear 
 A man should wash the hair of his beard  by taking a handful of water and entering it below his chin and rubbing it through his beard and passing the wet fingers through the beard.
6.  Wash the right arm  up to  and including  the elbow.  Three times. 
The arm extends from the fingertips, including the nails, to the lower part of the upper arm. It is essential to remove anything stuck to the hands before washing them, such as dough, mud, paint, nail polish etc, that could prevent the water from reaching the skin.
Do the same with the LEFT ARM . Three times
7. Wet your  hands in water,  Place both hands  at the front of the head  (beginning of hairline) and wipe the head  backwards until you reach the nape.  Then  bring them back to the front of the head (beginning of hairline). This is done  once only
With regard to a woman’s hair, she should wipe it whether it is loose or braided from the front of her head to the roots of the hair at the nape and then bring forward as above, but she does not have to wipe the entire length of her hair.
8.Clean the ears by inserting the tips of the index fingers into the ears. Twist them round the folds of the ears. Then wipe the back of the ears with your thumbs. From bottom of the ear upwards. ONCE ONLY
9. Wash the  right feet up to  and including  the ankles, three times, 
 You should enter the water between the toes with your little finger and then wash the foot (note not wipe feet but wash them) and make sure   you wash the sole of the foot and heals. Make sure no parts of the foot is left dry 
Wash the left feet same as the right foot also  three times.
10. The Du'aa After the Wudoo
  Ashhadu an laa ilaaha ill-Allaah wahdahu laa shareeka lah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasooluhu. 
( I bear witness that there is no god except Allaah alone, with no partner or associate, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.) 
Allaahumm aj’alni min al-tawwaabeena waj’alni min al-mutatahhireena  
(  O Allaah! make me one of those who repent and make me one of those who purify themselves)

نواقض الوضوء
The Things which break wudhu:
1. Breaking wind   2. Faeces   3. Urine   4. Mazy  5. Wady  6. Semen (when it emerges)   7. Haiz (m.c. for woman) 8. Bleeding from false menstruation  9. Sleep  10. Intoxication  11. Unconsciousness12. Insanity  13. Touching a person of the opposite sex with lust  14. Touching the penis without cloth   15. Doubt  16. Apostasy. May Allah protect us from it!
الغسل
The Bath:
 Ritual bath (Ghusl) or major ablution means washing the whole body from head to foot and to obtain purification or cleanliness from the greater impurities (Janabah). It must be made in a place of privacy using clean water. Steps are: 
1.    make the intention in your Heart For the Bath. (Niyyat)
2.    wash the private parts and wash off any impurity elsewhere on body.
3.    perform the minor ablution (Wudu) without washing feet,
4.    pour water over the head and whole body. Be sure that every strand of hair is wet. If hair of head is plaited, she is excused from loosening her plaited hair but it is compulsory to wet the base of hair.
5.    pour then water over the whole body, preferably three times. Water should reach every part of body. (preferred to remove rings, earings, etc that may prevent water from reach underneath)
6.    Wash feet.
Then say the Shahada to conclude the Ghusl or the ritual bath or the major ablution.
شروط الصلاة
Terms of Salah (Prayer):
 Before a person starts to pray he should confirm these important things.
1.Should be a Muslim, 2. Have a fresh Mind, 3. Obtaining purity 4.Removing Impurity from clothes , place and body,  5. After 7 years old or more should be go to pray , 6. Covering Awrah (for woman full covered without face in Prayer)  7. Entering the Time of Prayer (salah) 8. Qiblah means Facing toward Ka’bah, 9. Niyat (Intention)

أوقات النهي
The forbidden times of prayers are as follows:
Imam Muslim reported the Hadith narrated by Uqba Bin Amir who said: “The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam) forbade us to pray or to bury our dead during 3 particular times .”
“1.When the Sun rises until it goes high in the horizon, 2. when the Sun is at its meridian until its goes past the meridian and the shadow of objects starts to appear, and 3. when the Sun sets until it is totally down.”

أوقات الصلاة
Times of the Five Daily Prayers:
Fajr                   From dawn until just before sunrise.
Dhuhr                After the sun’s zenith until late afternoon.
Asr                     From late afternoon until just before sunset.
Maghrib            From sunset until just before twilight (when the sky turns completely dark).
Isha'                   From twilight until dawn.
عدد ركعات المكتوبة والسنة الراتبة
Counting of Rak’at farz & Sunnah salah:
Farz (compulsory) Salah:
A Muslim must pray five times a day.  The compulsory prayers are called Fard in Arabic.  Each unit of a prayer is called a Rak'ah. The Fard prayers are:
Fajr                   2 Rak'ahs
Dhuhr                4 Rak'ahs
Asr                     4 Rak'ahs
Maghrib           3 Rak'ahs
Isha'                   4 Rak'ahs
*Jumu'ah          2 Rak'ahs (in place of Dhuhr on Fridays)
Sunnah (optional) Salah:
The Sunnah prayers are as follows:

Fajr      2 Rak'ahs before Fard.
Dhuhr   4 Rak'ahs before Fard and 2 Rak'ahs after.
Asr        4 Rak'ahs (less recommended) before Fard.
Maghrib Rak'ahs after Fard.
Isha'      4 Rak'ahs (less recommended) before Fard
              2 Rak'ahs after Fard.
              1, 3,5,7, or 9 Rak'ahs of Witr.
كيفية الصلاة(الركعة الأولى والثانية، والتشهد الأول)
How to Perform Salah:
1.          Stand upright facing the direction of Al-Ka'bah.  This position is called Qiyaam and the direction is called Qiblah in Arabic.  The Qiblah in North America is towards the east with a slight angle towards the north.
2.          Make Niyyah (intention) in your heart for the prayer you want to pray.
3.          Raise your hands to your ears and say:"Allahu Akbar.” This means: (Allah is the Greatest). This is called Takbiratul Ihram
4.          Now place your right hand on top of your left hand on the chest and look downward to the place where your forehead will touch the ground in theSujood (prostration) and recite silently:
"Subhanaka allahumma wa bi hamdika wa tabara kasmuka wa ta'ala jadduka wa la ilaha ghairuka."
Then recite silently:  "A'udhu billahi minash shaitanir rajim." it means: “I seek shelter in Allah from the rejected Satan.”
Then recite:  "Bismillahir rahmanir rahim." it means: “In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful.”
5.          After this, recite Suratul Fatihah (the opening chapter) of the Noble Qur'an with any  Passage (surah) Of Quran.
7.          Now bow down saying: "Allahu Akbar" and place your hands on your knees and say silently:"Subhana Rabbiyal Adhim." This means: (How Perfect is my Lord, the Supreme) three times.  This position is called Rukoo'. Keep your head in line with your back, and look downward to the place ofSujood.
8.          Stand up from the bowing position saying:"Sami'Allahu liman hamidah" (Allah hears those who praise Him)"Rabbana lakal hamd." This means: (Our Lord, praise be to You).
9.          Prostrate on the floor saying:  "Allahu Akbar" with your forehead, nose, palms of both hands, your knees, and toes all touching the floor.  Then recite silently: "Subhana Rabbiyal A'la."
(How Perfect is my Lord, the Highest) three times. This position is called Sujood. Keep your arms away from the sides of the body and the ground.
10.        Sit up from the floor saying Allahu Akbar. Sit upright with your knees bent and palms placed on them and say: “Rabbighfir li.” This means: “O my Lord! Forgive me.”
Say "Allahu Akbar" and again prostrate in the Sujood position. Recite "Subhana Rabbiyal A'la" three times. Sit up from this position saying "Allahu Akbar"
This completes the first Rak'ah or unit of Salah.  Now stand up for the second Rak'ah and perform it in the same way, except that you do not recite Subhanakaat the beginning, and after the second Sujood(prostration) you sit on the left leg while keeping the right foot upright and put your right hand on the right thigh, with all fingers together in a fist except the index finger. Stick the index finger straight out. Put your left hand on the left thigh. Now recite Tashahhud silently:
التحيات لله والصلوات والطيبات، السلام عليك أيها النبي ورحمة الله وبركاته، السلام علينا، وعلى عباد الله الصالحين أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، وأشهد أن محمداً عبده ورسوله". 
"At-Tahiyyatu lillahi              This means: “Greetings, prayers and
was- Salawatu wat-Tayyibatu.              goodness belong to Allah.
As-Salamu ' alaika                                                Peace be on you,
ayyuhannabiyyu                                                               O Prophet
wa rahmatullahi                                          and the mercy of Allah
wa barakatuhu.                                                    and His blessings.
Assalamu 'alaina wa’ala                              Peace be on us and on
ibadil-Lahis -Salihin                      the righteous servants of Allah
ash hadu al-La ilaha                                           I bear witness that
il-Lal lahu                                                there is no god but Allah,
wa ash hadu anna                                           and bear witness that
Muhammadan abduhu                          Muhammad is His servant
wa rasuluhu."                                                        and Messenger.”
After this; recite al-salato alan-Nabi (PBUH) and duas.
11.        Now turn your face to the right saying:"Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah" (peace and the mercy of Allah be on you) and then to the left repeating the same words.
الصلاة على النبي –صلى الله عليه وسلم
Assalato alan-Nabi (P.B.U.H.):
"Allahumma salli 'ala Muhammadin   “O Allah, let Your mercy come upon Muhammad
  Wa 'ala ali Muhammadin                                 and the family of Muhammad
Kama sallaita 'ala Ibrahima                             as You let it come upon Ibrahim
wa 'ala ali Ibrahima                                           and the family of Ibrahim
wa barik 'ala Muhammadin                             O Allah, bless Muhammad
wa 'ala ali Muhammadin                                  and the family of Muhammad
Kama barakta ' ala Ibrahima                          as You blessed Ibrahim
Wa ' ala ali Ibrahima                                         and the family of Ibrahim.
Fil a'lamina Innaka                                           Truly You are
hamidun Majid."                                               Praiseworthy and Glorious.”


Surah Al-Fatiha: سورة الفاتحة
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ(1)الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ(2) الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ(3) مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ(4) إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ (5) اهدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيم (6) صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّين (7)
"All praises and thanks be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the most Gracious, the most Merciful; Master of the Day of Judgment. You alone we worship, from You alone we seek help. Guide us along the straight path - the path of those whom You favored, not of those who earned Your anger or went astray.”
Surah Ikhlas : سورة الإخلاص
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ (1)اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ (2)لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ (3) وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ (4)
“In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful.  Say, He is Allah, the One. Allah is Eternal and Absolute. He begets not, nor was He begotten. And there is none co-equal unto Him.”

Surah Asr : سورة العصر
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
وَالْعَصْرِ(1) إِنَّ الإِنسَانَ لَفِي خُسْرٍ (2) إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْحَقِّ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ (3)
 “In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful.
1. By Al-'Asr (the time).
2. Verily! Man is in loss,
3. Except those who believe (in Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds, and recommend one another to the truth (i.e. order one another to perform all kinds of good deeds (Al-Ma'ruf)which Allah has ordained, and abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds (Al-Munkar)which Allah has forbidden), and recommend one another to patience (for the sufferings, harms, and injuries which one may encounter in Allah's Cause during preaching His religion of Islamic Monotheism or Jihad, etc.).

Surah Falaq : سورة الفلق
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ (1) مِن شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ (2) وَمِن شَرِّ غَاسِقٍ إِذَا وَقَبَ (3) وَمِن شَرِّ النَّفَّاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ (4)وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ(5)
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful
Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the Daybreak
From the evil of that which He created;
From the evil of the darkness when it is intense,
And from the evil of malignant witchcraft,                  
And from the evil of the envier when he envieth.

Surah Naas : سورة الناس  
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ (1) مَلِكِ النَّاسِ (2) إِلَهِ النَّاسِ (3) مِن شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ (4) الَّذِي يُوَسْوِسُ فِي صُدُورِ النَّاسِ (5) مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ(6)
In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful
Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind,
The King of mankind,
The God of mankind,
From the evil of the sneaking whisperer,
Who whispereth in the hearts of mankind
Of the jinn and of mankind.

وآخر دعوانا أن الحمد لله رب العالمين

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